Seneciphyllinine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is isolated from the roots of Gynura japonica. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are highly hepatotoxic natural chemicals that produce irreversible chronic and acute hepatotoxic effects on human beings.

PACAP (6-38), human, ovine, rat is a potent antagonist of PACAP 38. PACAP (6-38) is much more potent and selective than PACAP (6-27) in the inhibition of PACAP-27-stimulated pituitary adenylate cyclase.

Regaloside H, a glyceryl phenylpropionate glycoside, is a gluconeogenesis inhibitor.